List of English and Bahasa Indonesia verbs which have to do with speech

1.      List of English verbs which have to do with speech

Say, suggest, complain, mutter, mumble, murmur, whisper, speak, tell, ask, talk, grumble, mention, answer, sigh, whine, debate, kid, shout, state, swear, exclaim, warn, beg, promise, mock, request

List of  bahasa Indonesia verbs which have to do with speech:

Mengatakan, menasehati, mengeluh, mengomel, menggerutu, berbisik, menceritakan, menanyakan, berbicara, menyebutkan, menjawab, merengek, berdebat, bercanda, berteriak, menyatakan, bersumpah, menyerukan, memperingatkan, meminta, berjanji, mengejek, mengupat, mencela, menyela, mengobrol, berkomat-kamit, memanggil, melarang

The presence and absence of any semantics gaps:

Mengatakan    = say and speak

Menasehati      = suggest

Mengeluh        = complain, sigh

Mengomel/berkomat-kamit     = mumble

Mengerutu       = grumble

Berbisik           = murmur, whisper

Menceritakan  = tell

Menanyakan    = ask

Berbicara, mengobrol  = talk

Menyebutkan  = mention

Menjawab       = answer

Merengek        = whine, whimper

Bercanda         = kid

Berteriak         = shout, scream

Menyatakan    = state

Bersumpah, menyumpahi, mengumpat           = swear

Menyerukan    = call, proclaim,

Memperingatkan         = warn

Meminta          = demand

Berjanji            = promise

Memanggil      = call

Berdebate        = debate

Mencela,

In Indonesian, mencela is: say something like bullying or mocking people. And it can’t be translated in English.

Bahasa indonesia doesn’t distinguish between murmur and whisper. In English, both of whisper and murmur mean different. Murmur is to speak or say very quietly, and whisper is to speak very quietly using the breath but not the voice, so that only the person close to you can hear you. But, in bahasa Indonesia only use the term ‘berbisik’.

English distinguish between Mutter, mumble and grumble. Mutter is to speak quietly and in a low voice that is not easy to hear, often when you are worried or complaining about something. Mumble is to speak quietly and in a way that is not clear so that the words are difficult to understand. Grumble is to complain about someone or something in an annoyed way. But in bahasa Indonesia, they has same meaning, that is mengomel or berkomat-kamit

In english, ‘swear’ can be translated as bersumpah, menyumpahi and mengumpat. But in bahasa Indonesia, menyumpahi and bersumpah have different meaning. Menyumpahi is to swear somebody rudely. And bersumpah is to swear oneself when another or others didn’t believe him.