apa itu Gerund dalam bahasa inggris? Check this out

Gerund

Adalah kata kerja bentuk –ing yg berfungsi sbg kt benda, karena berfungsi sebagai kata benda, gerund menduduki jabatan subject/object di dalam kalimat.

Gerund

is the verb in –ing  ( ing form) functions as a noun because it functions as a noun, it usually replaces the subject or the object of the sentence

Ex :     Compare these two sentences!

            Gerund as the subject of the sentence

1.      Sport is my hobby

                 S (noun)

            Swimming is my hobby

                s(gerund)

2.      My hobby spends a lot of money

  s (noun)

The Dangling Modifier

Recognize a dangling modifier when you see one.

Modifiers are words, phrases, or clauses that add description. In clear, logical sentences, you will often find modifiers right next to—either in front of or behind—the target words they logically describe. Read this example:

Horrified, Mom snatched the deviled eggs from Jack, whose fingers were covered in cat hair.

Notice that horrified precedes Mom, its target, just as deviled sits right before eggs. Whose fingers were covered in cat hair follows Jack, its target.
Sometimes, however, an inexperienced writer will include a modifier but forget the target.  The modifier thus dangles because the missing target word leaves nothing for the modifier to describe.

adjective order dan contohnya

Urutan adjectives ada 8: Opinion, Size/Dimension, Age, Shape, Color, Origin, Material, Purpose. Dikenal juga dengan singkatan ‘OSASCOMP‘.

1.       Opinion – Adjective yang menunjukkan pendapat tentang sesuatu/seseorang. E.g.: funny, beautiful, fabulous, difficult, pretty, ugly, silly, etc.

2.       Size/Dimension – Adjective yang menunjukkan ukuran besar kecilnya sesuatu/seseorang. E.g.: large, tiny, enormous, little, etc.

3.       Age – Adjective yang menunjukkan umur sesuatu/seseorang. E.g.: ancient, new, young, old, etc.

4.       Shape – Adjective yang menunjukkan bentuk sesuatu. E.g.: square, round, flat, rectangular, heart shaped, sphere, etc.

5.       Color – Adjective yang menunjukkan warna sesuatu. E.g.: blue, bluish, pink, pinkish, red, reddish, mix colored, etc.

6.       Origin – Adjective yang menunjukkan asal sesuatu/seseorang atau kenegaraan seseorang. E.g.: Mexican, Chinese, eastern, northern, etc.

7.       Material – Adjective yang menunjukkan materi yang membentuk suatu benda. E.g.: wood

Verb Tense Overview and Examples

Verb Tense Overview and Examples
Simple Present	Simple Past	Simple Future
I play tennis every day.	Two years ago, I played tennis in England.	If you want to play with me, I will play tennis. I am going to play tennis next year.
Present Progressive	Past Progressive	Future Progressive
I am playing tennis now.	I was playing tennis when you called yesterday.	I will be playing tennis tomorrow. I am going to be playing tennis tomorrow.
Present Perfect	Past Perfect	Future Perfect
I have played tennis in several different countries.	I had played tennis a little before I moved to the United States.	I will have played tennis for four hours if I play for another hour.
Present Perfect Progressive	Past Perfect Progressive	Future Perfect Progressive
I have been playing tennis for ten years.	I had been playing tennis for three years before I moved to the United States.	I will have been playing tennis

Let's practice preposition after adjectives (part3)

TOPIC: Prepositions after adjectives 3 | LEVEL: Intermediate/Advanced
Fill in each blank with the correct preposition:
1. I don't remember names well = I'm not good ________________ names.
a) with b) in c) around
2. He's really tired ________________ being told what to do.
a) of b) at c) with
3. I'm sorry. It was stupid ________________ me to have said that.
a) on b) 1 and 3 c) of
4. The students are bored ________________ his exercises.
a) of b) 1 and 3 c) with
5. Are you excited ________________ your trip?
a) with b) on c) about
6. Don't be frightened _______________ him. He's harmless.
a) of b) at c) about
7. I'm a little short ________________ cash these days.
a) on b) in c) with
8. This version is different ________________ the one I saw yesterday.
a) of b) in c) from
9. Are you surprised _______________ the outcome of the game?

Let's practice preposition after adjectives (part2)

topic: PREPOSITIONS AFTER ADJECTIVES 2 Choose the best preposition to use in each of the sentences:
1. Don't be cruel ________________ him.
a) to b) at c) for
2. I'm not being cruel! I'm always nice ________________ him.
a) at b) to c) for
3. I'm furious ( = very angry) with him ________________ doing this!
a) for b) around c) at
4. She's not worried _______________ her test.
a) for b) with c) about
5. Your brother is really good ________________ tennis.
a) with b) on c) at
6. Who is responsible _______________ this mess?
a) for b) about c) in
7. Rome is beautiful, but it's always crowded _______________ tourists.
a) among b) with c) by
8. I'm ashamed ________________ what I did.
a) with b) of c) in
9. I'm not really interested _______________ this kind of music.

Let's Practice preposition after adjectives

topic: PREPOSITIONS AFTER ADJECTIVES 1 Choose the best preposition to use in each of the sentences:

1. I'm not capable ________________ that type of behavior.
a) of b) in c) at
2. Smoking is bad ________________ you.
a) at b) for c) on
3. I'm so angry ________________ this!
a) about b) with c) to
4. I'm so angry _______________ you!
a) about b) to c) with
5. She was dressed _______________ pink.
a) with b) in c) on
6. This restaurant is famous _______________ its salads.
a) in b) with c) for
7. George is married _______________ a German woman.
a) to b) with c) by
8. Are you afraid ________________ him?
a) of b) to c) on
9. I'm so proud _______________ you!
a) with b) of c) to
10. We're not associated _______________ that company.
a) along b) in c) with


topic: PREPOSITIONS AFTER ADJECTIVES 1
ANSWERS:
1)a 2)b 3)a 4)c 5)b 6)c 7)a 8)a 9)b 10)c

Let's practice Preposition of time

topic: PREPOSITIONS of TIME (since, for, in, from) Choose the correct preposition for each of the sentences:
1. I have not seen him ________ the summer.
 a) since b) for c) from
2. I am going there ________ three weeks. a) since b) for c) from
3. We had our party ________ 8:00 PM until 10:00 PM. a) since b) for c) from
4. I have been sick ________ Sunday. a) since b) for c) from
5. They have been sick ________ three days.
a) since b) for c) from
6. I will be ready ________ 30 minutes.
a) since b) for c) in
7. Kelly has not seen him ________ two weeks.
 a) since b) for c) in
8. She slept ________ one hour.
 a) since b) for c) in
9. My sister will be here ________ two hours.
 a) since b) for c) in
10. I have not eaten ________ this morning.
a) since b) for c)in


ANSWERS:
1)a 2)b 3)c 4)a 5)b 6)c 7)c 8)b 9)c 10)a

Gerund or Infinitive (Practice)

topic below: GERUND or INFINITIVE?
How far you understand about both terms??^^

Fill in each space with either the gerund ("-ing") or
the infinitive (to ...) form of the verb.
example: “I love walking in the park (walk)”
1. You are not allowed _________ on the airplane. (smoke)
2. I couldn't help _________ when he tripped! (laugh)
3. I enjoy _________ to clubs. (go)
4. She expects people _________ her, but she never helps anyone! (help)
5. My doctor advised me _________ smoking. (quit)
6. Please stop _________. I can hear you fine! (shout)
7. I don't feel like _________. Let's go out to a restaurant. (cook)
8. Would you mind _________ the window? It's very hot in here. (open)
9. My remote control doesn't work. Try _________ the batteries. (change)
10. In Los Angeles, _________ is not allowed in any building. (smoke)


ANSWERS: 1)to smoke 2)laughing 3)going 4)to help 5)to quit 6)shouting 7)cooking
8)opening 9)changing 10)smoking

Using 'For and Since' with exercise

For and Since              

 - You use FOR if you don't have to calculate the period of time, because you have it in the sentence :

I have lived here FOR two months (  you don't have to calculate, you know the period is "two months"  )

 - You use SINCE if you have to calculate the period of time, because you only have the starting point:

I have lived here SINCE 1975 (  you have to calculate now: if you came in 1975 - the starting point - and now it is 2009, then 2009-1975 = 24 years  )

What is phrasal verb?

I.              Phrasal verb is a verb plus one or two articles

II.            The examples:

1.    To answer back

à His son was angry and answered him back then he hit the door.

2.    To belt up

à The teacher said, “Hey, belt up!! It is class not a field!”

3.    To cover up

àHe covered up his scandal with money.

4.    To die away

àShe died away because her husband had affair with him secretary.

5.    To end up

àThe refugees ended up their state in the United Stated.

6.    To switch off

àI forgot to switch my lights off before went to school.

7.    To get away

àWe will get away to the Tokyo Disneyland after deadline.

the form of 'used to'

USED TO

Statement

S	USED TO	V1
I/he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they

            Note: used to cm d pk d statement

Negative

S

DID NOT USE TO

V1

Y/N Q

DID

S

USE TO

V1

Short Answer

YES	S	DID
NO		DID NOT

WH- Q

WH-

DID

S

USE TO

V1

[f]:

1. kbiasaan/ situasi masa lampau yg skrg g blaku lagi
2. used to sll dlm arti lampau, bkn wkt skrg
3. perbedaan antara dahulu n skrg. à [stlh koma] now, no longer, not anymore dg wkt skrg
4. used to + V1 diikuti expresi:
• be used to
• get used to

Imperative Form

IMPERATIVE

Satatement

[DO NOT]

V1

. . .

[f]:

1. sll pk V1
2. S adl You, tp g blh d katakana + dtulis
3. Dgunakan utk:

• Intruksi
• Pesan/ printah
• Permintaan
• Mbuat sugesti/ nasehat

NON-ACTION VERB

NON-ACTION VERB

Non-action verb à S + V1

Action               à S + V-ing

[f]:

1. mendiskribsikan sesuatu
2. g sll dgunain d Present Cont kl kejadianx saat ini
3. kondisi à be, being

emosi àhate, like, love

metal àknow, remember, believe, think, suppose, understand

kpemilikan à have, own, possess, belong

persepsi n pandangan à hear, see, smell, taste, feel, notice, seem, look, appear, sound

butuh à need, want, prefer

ukuran à weigh, cost, contain

4. beberapa ada yg bs dgunain di Action Verb à taste, smell, feel, look, think, have, weigh

Simple Future

FUTURE

1.    BE GOING TO & WILL

a)       Be Going To

Statement

S	BE	[NOT]	GOING TO	V1
I	Am
He/ she/ it	Is
We/ you/ they	are

Y/N Q

BE

S

GOING TO

V1

Short Answer

YES	S	BE
NO		BE NOT

WH- Q

WH

BE

S

GOING TO

V1

b)       Will

Statement

S	WILL	[NOT]	V1
I/ he/ she/ it/ we/ you/ they

               Note: will not = won’t

Y/N Q

WILL

S

V1

Short Answer

YES	S	WILL
NO		WILL NOT

WH- Q

WH

WILL

S

V1

2.    CONTRAST

Statement

	BE	GOING TO		V1	Future: be going to
S		WILL			Future: will
		BE	[NOT]	V- ing	Present cont
				V1	Simple present

Y/N Q

BE		GOING TO	V1
WILL	S	V1
BE		V- ing
DO		V1

Short Answer

		BE
YES/	S	WILL
[NO]		BE	[NOT]
		DO

WH- Q

	BE		GOING TO	V1
WH	WILL		WILL
	BE	S	BE	V- ing
	DO			V1

[f]:

1)       be going to, will or present cont à ttg rencana masa dpn

2)       will utk m’buat tawaran

3)       present cont à rencana yg blm tjd tp t’tata yg mp’liatkan kjadian itu. G tjd skrg

4)       simple present à ttg jadwal/ program dmasa skrg