Interviews with 3 foreigners in bali

INTERVIEWS :

We have conducted interviews with 3 foreigners who were vacationing in Kuta Beach, the first with a Finnish citizen named Aki, a German citizen named Tom, and the last, a citizen of Canada named Dion. 

From the conclusion of our interview, they so admire the beauty of the diverse and unique traditional culture of Indonesia's island resort of Bali, which is known in foreign countries. Hey, I have made many trips to various countries. They are very comfortable on holidays in Indonesia with the people who greet them well. They're not too concerned with the terrorism that has ever happened in Bali several years ago. Hey argue that only the pa t and together advances

How to select problems in a research

}  Research begins with human’s curiosity about the world

}  What the people want to know In the research is called ‘problem’

}  Nunan (1992), calls the problem as one of three principle components of the study. 2 other components are the data and the analysis.

                So, there are 2 main ideas of the research

}  Purpose of the research (conducted to provide answer to a problem)

}  Concern to the method in the form of the steps/procedure to be taken in order to find the truth

                                Research aims to find an answer to a problem through scientific procedures or maybe to develop a theory.

Identification of research problem

                Problem arises when there are gaps between expectations and reality. E.g. the students cannot learn well, don’t want to doing their homework, cheating, etc.

What is Hypothesis?

                is a suggested answer to the problem.

                an idea or explanation for something that is based on known facts but has not yet been proved.

Characteristics:

1. It should conjecture upon a relationship between two or more variables
2. It should be stated clearly and unambiguously in the form of a declarative sentence
3. It should be testable; it can be evaluated based on data

Example:

How to review the literature

REVIEWING THE LITERATURE

A.    PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW

            Review of related literature must be included in every serious research, for example: final project, thesis, and dissertation. It is a necessary or significant part of the research process.

The concepts and ideas are the first step to begin the research and related to one another through hypothesis or we often say the temporary answer of the research.  The hypothesis must be proved by the answer based on the real data and we call the findings of the research as a new concept by the researcher.  The ideas and concepts originally come from the researcher’s mind, but from those in which become expanded are supported by the literature as the reference to help the reinforcement of the researcher in conducting the research. The are some functions of related literature review, such; 

The differences between Qualitative and Quantitative Research

Qualitative Methods	Quantitative Methods
Methods include focus groups, in-depth interviews, and reviews of documents for types of themes	Surveys, structured interviews & observations, and reviews of records or documents for numeric information
Primarily inductive process used to formulate theory or hypotheses	Primarily deductive process used to test pre-specified concepts, constructs, and hypotheses that make up a theory
More subjective: describes a problem or condition from the point of view of those experiencing it	More objective: provides observed effects (interpreted by researchers) of a program on a problem or condition
Text-based	Number-based
More in-depth information on a few cases	Less in-depth but more breadth of information across a large number of cases
Unstructured or semi-structured response options	Fixed response options
No statistical tests	Statistical tests are used for analysis
Can be valid and reliable: largely depends on skill and rigor of the researcher	Can be valid and reliable: largely depends on the measurement device or instrument used
Time expenditure lighter on the planning end and heavier during the analysis phase	Time expenditure heavier on the planning phase and lighter on the analysis phase
Less generalizable	More generalizable

General knowledge of Action Research

ACTION RESEARCH

1. Definition

The actiion research is on concrete and practical issues of immediate concern to particular social groups or communities.

It is conducted in naturally occuring setting, primarily using methods common to qualitative research such as observing and recording events and behaviours.

2. What are the origins of action research

The seeds of action research are to be found as early as the late nineteenth centuris in science in education movement and a variety of other social reform initiatives.

3. What does action research involve

The definitions suggest a number of common fiture which can be considered to characterize action research.

What is Research?

Research  review

By : Dr. Suwandi Mpd (Lecturer of IKIP PGRI and Diponegoro University Semarang)

What is research?

Research is a systematic attempt to provide answers to questions

Characteristics of a research

1. Research is directed toward the solution of a problem
2. Research emphasizes the development of generalization, principles, or theories that will be helpful in predicting future occurances
3. Research involves gathering  new data from primary or first hand sources or using existing data for a new purpose
4. Research demands accurate observation and desrciption
5. Research is based upon observable experience or emphirical evidance

Selecting a problem

A problem statement must have the following characteristics:

1. It should ask about a relationship between two or more variables
2. It should be stated clearly and unambiguously, usually in question form