COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF TEXT CONVERSATION (A CASE STUDY: CONVERSATION TEXT IN A GROUP OF FIVE WORKMATES)

COOPERATIVE PRINCIPLES ANALYSIS OF TEXT CONVERSATION

(A CASE STUDY: CONVERSATION TEXT IN A GROUP OF FIVE WORKMATES)

Abstract

                         Grice is one of the major principles guiding people’s communication from America (American Linguist). Analyzing the cooperative Principle in a text or conversation shall be the learning for us as people to communicate well using language each other. The aim of the analysis is to find out the result which is the people in the text obey the maxims or violate the maxims that was proposed by Grice. This paper attempts to prove the cooperative principle is should be the orientation or just a redundant rule.

.

Keywords: Cooperative Principle, Text, Conversation, Pragmatics

1.      INTRODUCTION

             In the text, we will find the difficulties to interpret what is implied. The people just say what in their minds with the words which are influenced by their background knowledge, education, and culture. Sometimes, the addressee is often confused with the words of speaker. They use

Discourse Analysis interpretation (textuality) "CRUISE GUARDS ‘WERE ASLEEP’"

CRUISE GUARDS ‘WERE ASLEEP’

Dozing guards allowed a group of peace campaigners to breach a missile security cordon yesterday. The women protesters claimed to have walked right up to cruise launchers. As sentries slept, they tip-toed past sentries at 3 a.m. and inspected a cruise convoy in a woody copse on Salisbury Plain.

Greenham Common campaigner Sarah Graham said: “for the sake of making things more realistic, the copse was protected by soldiers dug into fox-holes. “And there were dogs rather than the usual reels of barbed wire”. But, she claimed, the American airmen were dozing by the launchers. One was kipping beneath one of the vehicles,” She added.

Eventually, one of the airmen ‘woke up’ and spotted the women, who had been trailing the convoy from the Greenham Common base in Berkshire since Tuesday. The ministry of Defence confirmed there had been an incident. Ten women had been arrested, charged with trespassing and released on bail.

1.      Cohesive Features

a.       Substitution

This text has an addition a set of place holders which can be used to signal the omission,

Approaching to discourse using the ethnography of communication

Approaching to discourse using the ethnography of communication

If u see/analyze discourse a structure, you will divide the structure ……..

Language as a structure (structuralism)             its components (functionalism)

We see language not a s structure, but the function. Language is process not a product

Background of this approach;
linguistics believes that language is means of communication

Anthropology ; language as a cultural behavior / knowledge

(Hymes); they we communicate is influenced by culture. Based on his formulation, we have to understand culture of the society we study. We do not only focus in language use, but also how to communicate with different society, etc. Culture is represented by how people think,

Basic competence

-          Speech community

Ex: the use English language in our class. The criteria; the rules are obeyed,

-          Communicative competence

Deals with the ability to communicate, knowledge, possibility, appropriateness, feasibility, and performed. Not only dealing with this, but also performance.

Communicative competence; linguistic (form), sociolinguistic (use/function), and discourse competence.

-          Patterns of communication; cultural knowledge and behavior

-          S          : Setting / Scene (physical circumstances, subjective definition of an occasion) ;

P          : Participants (speakers/senders/addressor hearers/receivers/audience/addressee)

E          : Ends (purposes and goals/ outcomes)

A         : Acts of sequence (message from a content)

K         : Keys (tone, manner)

I           : Instrumentalities (channel like verbal, nonverbal, physical and forms of speech drawn from community repertoire)

N         : Norms of interaction and interpretation (specific properties attached to speaking interpretation of norms within cultural belief system)

G         : Genre (textual categories)

Methodology

We are discovering communicative units of SPEAKING components (abbreviations) above. W can apply this for our study being this approach