Pengertian sosiolinguistik

SOSIOLINGUISTIK

Pengertian Sosiolinguistik

·        Sosiolinguistik didefinisikan sebagai ilmu yang mempelajari ciri dan berbagai variasi bahasa, serta hubungan diantara parabahasawan dengan cirri fungsi variasi itu didalam suatu masyarakat bahasa (Kridalaksana,1978:94)

·        Pengkajian bahasa dengan dimensi kemasyarakatan (Nababan, 1984:2)

·        Sosiolinguistik adalah kajian tentang ciri khas variasi bahasa, fungsi-fungsi variasi bahasa, dan pemakai bahasa karena ketiga unsur ini selalu berinteraksi, berubah, dan saling mengubah satu sama lain dalam satu masyarakat tutur (Fishman, 1972:4)

·        Sosiolinguistik adalah cabang ilmu linguistik yang bersifat interdisipliner dengan ilmu sosiologi, dengan objek penelitian hubungan antara bahasa dengan faktor2 sosial di dalam masyrakat tutur.

·        Sosiolinguistik adalah kajian tentang bahasa yang dikaitkan dengan kondisi kemasyarakatan.

Masalah Sosiolinguistik

·        Identitas sosial dari penutur

·        Identitas sosial dari pendengar yang terlibat dalam proses komunikasi

·        Lingkungan sosial tempat peristiwa tutur terjadi

·        Analisis sinkronik dan diakronik dari dialek-dialeksosial

·        Penilaian sosial yang berbeda oleh penutur akan perilaku bentuk-bentuk ujaran

·        Tingkat variasi dan ragam linguistik

·        Penerapan praktis dari penelitian sosiolinguistik

Kegunaan Sosiolinguistik

·        Pengetahuan sosiolinguistik dimanfaatkan dalam berkomunikasi atau berinteraksi. Sosiolinguistik memberikan pedoman untuk berkomunikasi dengan menunjukkan bahasa, ragam bahasa atau gaya bahasa apa yang harus kita gunakan jika berbicara dengan orang tertentu.

·        Digunakan dalam pengajaran bahasa di sekolah.

Sociolinguistics (wikipedia) is the descriptive study of the effect of any and all aspects of society, including cultural norms, expectations, and context, on the way language is used, and the effects of language use on society. Sociolinguistics differs from sociology of language in that the focus of sociolinguistics is the effect of the society on the language, while the latter's focus is on the language's effect on the society. Sociolinguistics overlaps to a considerable degree with pragmatics. It is historically closely related to linguistic anthropology and the distinction between the two fields has even been questioned recently.

It also studies how language varieties differ between groups separated by certain social variables, e.g., ethnicity, religion, status, gender, level of education, age, etc., and how creation and adherence to these rules is used to categorize individuals in social or socioeconomic classes. As the usage of a language varies from place to place, language usage also varies among social classes, and it is these sociolects that sociolinguistics studies.

The social aspects of language were in the modern sense first studied by Indian and Japanese linguists in the 1930s, and also by Gauchat in Switzerland in the early 1900s, but none received much attention in the West until much later. The study of the social motivation of language change, on the other hand, has its foundation in the wave model of the late 19th century. The first attested use of the term sociolinguistics was by Thomas Callan Hodson in the title of a 1939 paper.^[2] Sociolinguistics in the West first appeared in the 1960s and was pioneered by linguists such as William Labov in the US and Basil Bernstein in the UK.