Approaching
to discourse using the ethnography of communication
If u see/analyze discourse a structure,
you will divide the structure ……..
We see language not a s structure, but the
function. Language is process not a product
Background of this approach;
linguistics believes that language is means of communication
linguistics believes that language is means of communication
Anthropology ; language as a cultural
behavior / knowledge
(Hymes); they we communicate is influenced
by culture. Based on his formulation, we have to understand culture of the
society we study. We do not only focus in language use, but also how to
communicate with different society, etc. Culture is represented by how people
think,
Basic competence
-
Speech
community
Ex: the use
English language in our class. The criteria; the rules are obeyed,
-
Communicative
competence
Deals with the
ability to communicate, knowledge, possibility, appropriateness, feasibility,
and performed. Not only dealing with this, but also performance.
Communicative
competence; linguistic (form), sociolinguistic (use/function), and discourse
competence.
-
Patterns
of communication; cultural knowledge and behavior
-
S : Setting / Scene (physical
circumstances, subjective definition of an occasion) ;
P : Participants
(speakers/senders/addressor hearers/receivers/audience/addressee)
E : Ends (purposes and goals/ outcomes)
A : Acts of sequence (message from a
content)
K : Keys (tone, manner)
I :
Instrumentalities (channel like verbal, nonverbal, physical and forms of speech
drawn from community repertoire)
N :
Norms of interaction and interpretation (specific properties attached to
speaking interpretation of norms within cultural belief system)
G : Genre (textual categories)
Methodology
We are discovering communicative units
of SPEAKING components (abbreviations) above. W can apply this for our study
being this approach
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