1. Every language has its own varieties.
Mention and explain the major varieties of your native language and explain
clearly!
The first
dialect of Bahasa banjar is “Pahuluan” or some people said “Hulu”.
This dialect is called”Pahuluan” because widely used by people who live
in “Hulu Sungai”. Bahasa Banjar Pahuluan is largely used in Hulu
Sungai regency, included Banua Anam (Tapin, South Hulu Sungai, Centre
Hulu Sungai, North Hulu Sungai, Balangan, and Tabalong) and Tanah
Bumbu. Bahasa banjar Hulu can be found in some villages (handil)
which the origin of its villagers is Hulu Sungai like in Gambut,
Aluh-aluh, and Tamban which is geographically in the area of Banjar
Kuala.
This dialect
has sub dialects which are spread out in many districts of Hulu Sungai,
Balangan and Tabalong. Those sub - dialects are: (1) Kelua
(hilir) and Tanjung (hulu) in Tabalong regency, (2)
Balangan (Paringin) in Balangan regency, (3) Amuntai and
Alabio in North Hulu Sungai, (4) Alai in Batang Alai
district and Labuhan Amas in Labuhan Amas riverside in center
Hulu Sungai regency, (5) Negara (hilir) and Kandangan
(hulu) in the riverside of Amandit river, south
Hulu Sungai, and (6) Margasari (hilir) and Rantau (hulu) in
Tapin regency.
The second
dialect of Bahasa Banjar is Banjar “Kuala” which is mainly
used in the region of Banjar Kuala. It is spread in Banjar
regency, Barito Kuala regency, Tanah Laut regency, and capital
city Banjarmasin dan city of Banjarbaru. It is also spread in Tanah
Bumbu and Kota Baru regency through east Kalimantan and
centre Kalimantan. The original of Banjar Kuala Dialect can be
found in Kuin, Sungai Jingah, Banua Anyar etc around the
city of Banjarmasin. As for another region, Bahasa banjar Kuala
which is used by Javanese, bugis, etc is not the original one because it is
already affected by another languages which are used by those people. The
people who use Banjar Kuala mainly work as merchant and
fisherman, and largely live in the riverside it is affected the choice of
vocabulary in Bahasa Banjar Kuala.
This dialect
has sub-dialects which spread around Banjar regency, Tanah Laut
regency, and city of Banjarmasin. Those sub - dialects are: (1)
sub-dialect Astambul, Martapura, and Banjarmasin, and (2)
sub-dialect Pelaihari, Bati-Bati, and Pengaron.
2. Based on the variations that you gave
above, mention and explain the differences between those varieties!
Kawi (1991)
mentioned the first differences is from vocal / vowel in both dialects, only Banjar
Kuala that has vowels [e], [o], and [ə] in several vocabulary
pronunciation. There are no such vowels in Banjar Hulu except in
names of place such as Loksado and Alabio. Kawi also explained
that vowel [e] in Banjar Kuala appear as [i] or [a] in Banjar
Hulu, vowel [o] appear as [u] and vowel [ə] appear as [a] or [i].
|
Kuala
|
Hulu
|
Meaning
|
|
/sender/ - [e]
|
/sandar/ - [a]
|
Lean on
|
|
/gəlaŋ/a - [ə]
|
/galaŋ/ - [a]
|
Sink (a ship)a - braceletb
|
|
/goloŋ/ - [o]
|
/guluŋ/ - [u]
|
Roll
|
|
/gemet/ - [e]
|
/gimit/ - [i], /gamat/ - [a]
|
Slow
|
|
Pronunciation differences between Banjar
Kuala and Banjar Hulu
|
||
The second
differences are from vocabulary choices. Kawi (1991) stated that there are 50 –
80 % differences between both dialects, but these differences in vocabulary
only found in the sub – dialect level. Table below will give example of
vocabularies differences between Banjar Kuala and Hulu:
|
Banjar
kuala
|
Banjar Hulu
|
Meaning
|
|
kawa
|
hingkat
|
can
|
|
mau
|
hakun
|
willing
to
|
|
gasan
|
hagan
|
for
|
|
Jalan
|
lalah,
jaap
|
take
a walk
|
|
pingkut
|
cakut
|
grasp,
hold
|
|
gusang
|
hangit
|
burnt
|
|
pangasit
|
pamalar
|
rasp
|
|
timpas
|
tungkih
|
slash
|
|
unda
|
aku
|
I,
me
|
|
nyawa
|
ikam
|
you
|
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